Chicano History:
Paradigm Shifts and Shifting Boundaries

by

Ramón A. Gutiérrez
University of California, San Diego

Occasional Paper No. 15

July 1997

 

"Towards a New Chicana/o History," the title of this conference, excellently summarizes the theoretical tensions and philosophical divides that have developed in the field of Chicano history over the last 40 years. What is Chicano history? Who and what are its proper frames of reference?

Forty years ago, the answers to these questions were simple and clear. Chicanos were men. As Mexican-American civil rights activism metamorphosed into the militant nationalism of the Chicano Movement, between 1955 and 1970, Chicanos were defined as immigrant working men of Mexican peasant origin. They were heroic, indefatigable men, struggling against an exploitative capitalist labor regime; never mind that more than half of all Mexican emigrants to the United States since 1945 had been women. This demographic reality rarely precipitated scholarly reflection. "Man" was the universal subject of historical inquiry, and as the persons who populated the professorate, men unhesitantly dictated what was worthy of study as Chicano.

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